/* =========================================================================
   Varun M. Kumar — personal site
   Aesthetic: Tufte × arXiv × brutalism
   ========================================================================= */

/* ---------- Reset (minimal, modern) ---------- */
*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
html, body, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, ul, ol, li, figure, blockquote, pre, form, fieldset { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
ul, ol { list-style: none; }
img, svg { display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; }
button { font: inherit; cursor: pointer; }
input, textarea, select { font: inherit; color: inherit; }

/* ---------- Tokens ---------- */
:root {
  /* Restrained palette: paper, ink, a single accent. */
  --paper:        #f4f1ea;   /* warm off-white, like aged paper */
  --paper-2:      #ebe6da;   /* slightly darker for figure wells */
  --ink:          #14110f;   /* near-black, slightly warm */
  --ink-2:        #3a342e;   /* secondary ink */
  --ink-3:        #6a6058;   /* tertiary / metadata */
  --rule:         #1a1714;   /* hairline and rule */
  --rule-2:       #c9c1b1;   /* softer hairline */
  --accent:       #8a1c1c;   /* oxblood / single accent */
  --accent-2:     #5e1010;   /* accent hover */
  --selection:    #14110f;
  --selection-bg: #f4d35e;

  /* Typography */
  --serif:  "Charter", "Iowan Old Style", "Source Serif Pro", "Cambria", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;
  --mono:   "IBM Plex Mono", "SF Mono", "Menlo", "Consolas", "Roboto Mono", monospace;

  /* Metrics */
  --measure: 36rem;          /* optimal reading width */
  --gutter:  1.5rem;
  --pad-y:   2.5rem;

  color-scheme: light;
}

::selection { background: var(--selection-bg); color: var(--selection); }

/* ---------- Base typography ---------- */
html {
  font-size: 17px;
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
}

body {
  background: var(--paper);
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
  font-feature-settings: "kern" 1, "liga" 1, "onum" 1;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
  -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
  /* Subtle paper texture using two layered backgrounds. Pure CSS, no images. */
  background-image:
    repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(20,17,15,0.012) 0 1px, transparent 1px 4px),
    radial-gradient(circle at 25% 15%, rgba(20,17,15,0.025) 0 1px, transparent 1.5px),
    radial-gradient(circle at 75% 60%, rgba(20,17,15,0.020) 0 1px, transparent 1.5px);
  background-size: auto, 7px 7px, 11px 11px;
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.2;
  letter-spacing: -0.005em;
  color: var(--ink);
}

h1 { font-size: 2.6rem; line-height: 1.1; letter-spacing: -0.02em; }
h2 { font-size: 1.65rem; }
h3 { font-size: 1.2rem; }
h4 { font-size: 1.05rem; }
h5 { font-size: 0.95rem; }
h6 {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  color: var(--ink-3);
}

p { margin: 0 0 1em; }
p + p { text-indent: 1.2em; }
p:has(+ p) { /* noop fallback; just keep rhythm */ }

a {
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 2.5px;
  text-decoration-color: rgba(138, 28, 28, 0.45);
  transition: text-decoration-color 120ms linear, color 120ms linear;
}
a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-2);
  text-decoration-color: var(--accent-2);
}
a:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--accent);
  outline-offset: 3px;
}

code, kbd, samp, pre {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.88em;
}

hr {
  border: 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  margin: 2rem 0;
}

::selection { background: var(--selection-bg); color: var(--selection); }

/* ---------- Skip link ---------- */
.skip {
  position: absolute; left: -9999px; top: 0;
  background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper);
  padding: 0.5rem 1rem; z-index: 1000;
  text-decoration: none; font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.8rem;
}
.skip:focus { left: 0; }

/* ---------- Masthead ---------- */
.masthead {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--paper);
  position: relative;
}
.bar {
  max-width: 80rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--gutter);
  display: flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.bar--top {
  padding-top: 1.4rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.6rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.bar--meta {
  padding: 0.45rem var(--gutter);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.meta-item { display: inline-block; }
.meta-item--right { margin-left: auto; }

.wordmark {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.55rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
  line-height: 1;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}
.wordmark:hover { color: var(--accent); }

.primary {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0;
  margin-left: auto;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}
.primary a {
  color: var(--ink-2);
  text-decoration: none;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.85rem;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--rule);
  line-height: 1.2;
}
.primary a:first-child { border-left: 0; }
.primary a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.primary a.is-active {
  color: var(--paper);
  background: var(--ink);
}

/* ---------- Layout helpers ---------- */
main { padding: 0 0 4rem; }

.measure { max-width: var(--measure); }

.section {
  max-width: 80rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: var(--pad-y) var(--gutter);
}
.section + .section { padding-top: 0; }

.section--wide { max-width: 80rem; }
.section--narrow { max-width: 44rem; }

.section-header {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 8rem 1fr;
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: baseline;
  margin-bottom: 1.6rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.6rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.section-header .label {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-3);
}
.section-header h2 {
  font-size: 1.55rem;
  letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}
.section-header .blurb {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  font-style: italic;
  max-width: 42rem;
}

/* ---------- Lead / page title block ---------- */
.page-title {
  max-width: 80rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 3rem var(--gutter) 1.4rem;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 10rem 1fr;
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: start;
}
.page-title .label {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-3);
}
.page-title h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 5vw, 3.4rem);
  line-height: 1.05;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}
.page-title .dek {
  margin-top: 0.7rem;
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  max-width: 44rem;
  font-style: italic;
}

.rule { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); margin: 0; }
.rule--thick { border-top-width: 3px; border-color: var(--ink); }
.rule--soft { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-2); }

/* ---------- Home: dense abstract layout ---------- */
.abstract {
  max-width: 80rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 3.5rem var(--gutter) 1.5rem;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 8rem 1fr 18rem;
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: start;
}
.abstract .label {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.18em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  padding-top: 0.3rem;
}
.abstract-body h1 {
  font-size: clamp(2.5rem, 5vw, 3.6rem);
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  line-height: 1.02;
  margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
}
.abstract-body .byline {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  margin-bottom: 1.4rem;
}
.abstract-body p {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  line-height: 1.6;
  max-width: 38rem;
  text-indent: 0;
}
.abstract-body p + p { text-indent: 1.2em; }
.abstract-side {
  border-left: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding: 0.4rem 0 0.4rem 1.1rem;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--ink-2);
}
.abstract-side dt {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  margin-top: 0.9rem;
}
.abstract-side dt:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.abstract-side dd { margin: 0.15rem 0 0; line-height: 1.45; }
.abstract-side dd a { color: var(--ink); }
.abstract-side dd a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

.kvline {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 5.5rem 1fr;
  gap: 0.6rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  padding: 0.2rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--rule-2);
}
.kvline .k { color: var(--ink-3); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.08em; }
.kvline .v { color: var(--ink); }
.kvline a { color: var(--ink); }
.kvline a:hover { color: var(--accent); }

/* ---------- Index of sections (home) ---------- */
.index-of {
  max-width: 60rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 4rem var(--gutter) 2rem;
}
.index-of ol {
  list-style: none;
  counter-reset: idx;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
}
.index-of li {
  counter-increment: idx;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 3.5rem 1fr auto;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  align-items: baseline;
  padding: 0.85rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-2);
}
.index-of li::before {
  content: counter(idx, decimal-leading-zero);
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}
.index-of li a {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}
.index-of li a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.index-of li .summary {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-style: italic;
  text-align: right;
  font-family: var(--serif);
}

/* ---------- Two-col: main + margin (Tufte) ---------- */
.with-margin {
  max-width: 80rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: var(--pad-y) var(--gutter);
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 16rem;
  gap: 3rem;
  align-items: start;
}
.with-margin .main-col { min-width: 0; }
.with-margin .margin-col {
  font-family: var(--serif);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  line-height: 1.5;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding-left: 1.1rem;
}
.with-margin .margin-col h6 {
  margin-top: 1.4rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}
.with-margin .margin-col h6:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.with-margin .margin-col p { margin: 0 0 0.8rem; }
.colophon-grid .sidenote {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-style: italic;
}

.full-col {
  max-width: 60rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: var(--pad-y) var(--gutter);
}

/* ---------- Prose (about) ---------- */
.prose{
  margin-left: 5rem;
}
.prose h2 {
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  margin: 2.2rem 0 0.6rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding-bottom: 0.3rem;
}
.prose h2:first-child { margin-top: 0; }
.prose p { margin: 0 0 1.05em;}
.prose strong { font-weight: 700; }
.prose em { font-style: italic; }
.prose blockquote {
  margin: 1.2rem 0;
  padding-left: 1rem;
  border-left: 3px solid var(--ink);
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--ink-2);
}

.figure {
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--paper-2);
  padding: 0.6rem;
}
.figure img { width: 100%; height: auto; display: block; }
.figure figcaption {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  padding: 0.5rem 0.2rem 0.2rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-2);
  margin-top: 0.4rem;
}
.figure figcaption .num { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; }

.figure-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
}
.figure-grid .figure { margin: 0; }
.figure-grid img { aspect-ratio: 1 / 1; object-fit: cover; }

/* ---------- Research entries (no card boxes, just rules) ---------- */
.entries > * + * { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-2); }
.entry {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 8.5rem 1fr;
  gap: 2rem;
  padding: 1.4rem 0;
  align-items: start;
}
.entry .stamp {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  line-height: 1.45;
  padding-top: 0.25rem;
}
.entry .stamp .kind {
  display: inline-block;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  color: var(--ink);
  padding: 0.05rem 0.4rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.entry .stamp .kind[data-kind="pub"]:hover {
  color: black;            
  border-color: transparent;     
  background: #f4d35e;
  text-decoration: None;     
}

.entry .stamp .kind[data-kind="thesis"]:hover {
  color: black;            
  border-color: transparent;     
  background: #f4d35e;
  text-decoration: None;     
}

.entry .stamp .kind[data-kind="thesis"] { background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); }
.entry .stamp .kind[data-kind="pub"]    { background: var(--accent); color: var(--paper); border-color: var(--accent); }
.entry h3 { font-size: 1.18rem; line-height: 1.25; }
.entry .role {
  font-style: italic;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  margin: 0.15rem 0 0.6rem;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
}
.entry .org {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
}
.entry ul {
  list-style: square;
  padding-left: 1.1rem;
  margin: 0.4rem 0 0.6rem;
}
.entry ul li { margin-bottom: 0.35rem; }
.entry ul li::marker { color: var(--ink-3); }
.entry .links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.6rem 1.1rem;
  margin-top: 0.6rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
}
.entry .links a {
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-2);
  padding-bottom: 1px;
}
.entry .links a::before {
  content: "→";
  margin-right: 0.35rem;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-family: var(--mono);
}
.entry .links a:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }

/* ---------- Education: tables, no cards ---------- */
table.cv {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  margin: 1rem 0 2rem;
}
table.cv th, table.cv td {
  text-align: left;
  padding: 0.65rem 0.6rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-2);
  vertical-align: top;
}
table.cv thead th {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  font-weight: 600;
}
table.cv tbody tr:hover { background: var(--paper-2); }
table.cv .yr { font-family: var(--mono); color: var(--ink-3); white-space: nowrap; }
table.cv .institution { font-weight: 700; }
table.cv .detail { color: var(--ink-2); font-size: 0.88rem; }
table.cv .honor { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 600; }

.courses {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(18rem, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}
.course-group {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding-top: 0.7rem;
}
.course-group h3 {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
  font-weight: 600;
}
.course-group h4{
  padding-bottom: 0.4rem;
  padding-top: 1rem;
}
.course-group ul li {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 6rem 1fr;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  padding: 0.2rem 0;
  border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--rule-2);
  font-size: 0.9rem;
}
.course-group ul li .code {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  color: var(--ink-3);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
}

/* ---------- Publications: arXiv list ---------- */
.publist { counter-reset: pub; }
.publist > * + * { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-2); }
.pub {
  counter-increment: pub;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 3.2rem 1fr 11rem;
  gap: 1.4rem;
  padding: 1.3rem 0;
  align-items: start;
}
.pub::before {
  content: "[" counter(pub) "]";
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  padding-top: 0.2rem;
}
.pub h3 {
  font-size: 1.12rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
  font-weight: 700;
}
.pub .authors {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  margin: 0.3rem 0 0.4rem;
}
.pub .authors strong { color: var(--ink); }
.pub .venue {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  color: var(--ink-3);
}
.pub .venue em { font-style: italic; text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0; color: var(--ink-2); font-family: var(--serif); font-size: 0.95rem; }
.pub .abstract {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  color: var(--ink-2);
  margin: 0.5rem 0 0.4rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.pub .links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem 1rem;
  margin-top: 0.5rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
}
.pub .links a { text-decoration: none; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-2); }
.pub .links a:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }

.pub .stamp {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--rule-2);
  padding-left: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
}
.pub .stamp .yr { color: var(--ink); font-weight: 700; font-size: 0.95rem; display: block; margin-bottom: 0.2rem; }
.pub .stamp .status { display: inline-block; border: 1px solid var(--accent); color: var(--accent); padding: 0.05rem 0.4rem; margin-top: 0.3rem; }

.patent {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 3.2rem 1fr 11rem;
  gap: 1.4rem;
  padding: 1.3rem 0;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-2);
  align-items: start;
}
.patent .num {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  color: var(--ink-3);
}
.patent h3 { font-size: 1.1rem; }
.patent .body { font-size: 0.95rem; color: var(--ink-2); margin-top: 0.3rem; }
.patent .stamp { font-family: var(--mono); font-size: 0.72rem; color: var(--ink-3); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.08em; border-left: 1px solid var(--rule-2); padding-left: 1rem; }

/* ---------- BibTeX modal ---------- */
.modal {
  position: fixed; inset: 0; z-index: 100;
  display: none;
  align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  background: rgba(20, 17, 15, 0.5);
  padding: 1.5rem;
}
.modal.is-open { display: flex; }
.modal .panel {
  background: var(--paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  max-width: 42rem; width: 100%;
  padding: 1.4rem 1.4rem 1.1rem;
  position: relative;
}
.modal .panel h3 { margin-bottom: 0.6rem; font-size: 1rem; }
.modal .panel pre {
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.5;
  white-space: pre-wrap;
  word-break: break-word;
  background: var(--paper-2);
  padding: 0.8rem;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule-2);
  max-height: 50vh;
  overflow: auto;
}
.modal .panel .close {
  position: absolute; top: 0.4rem; right: 0.5rem;
  background: transparent; border: 0; font-size: 1.4rem; line-height: 1;
  color: var(--ink-3);
}
.modal .panel .close:hover { color: var(--accent); }

/* ---------- CV embed ---------- */
.cv-frame {
  width: 100%;
  height: 90vh;
  border: 1px solid var(--rule);
  background: var(--paper-2);
}

/* ---------- Contact form ---------- */
.form-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 0 1.5rem;
  margin-top: 1rem;
}

.with-margin .main-col-contact { margin: 0 7rem; min-width: 0; }

.field { display: block; margin-bottom: 1.1rem; }
.field label {
  display: block;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.7rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}
.field input, .field textarea {
  width: 100%;
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding: 0.4rem 0;
  font-size: 1rem;
  color: var(--ink);
  font-family: var(--serif);
}
.field input:focus, .field textarea:focus {
  outline: 0;
  border-bottom-color: var(--accent);
}
.field textarea { resize: vertical; min-height: 8rem; }

.btn {
  display: inline-block;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  padding: 0.55rem 1.1rem;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.12em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  text-decoration: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background 120ms linear, color 120ms linear;
  margin-left: 10rem;
}
.btn:hover { background: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); color: var(--paper); }
.btn--ghost { background: transparent; color: var(--ink); }
.btn--ghost:hover { background: var(--ink); color: var(--paper); }

/* ---------- Footer (colophon) ---------- */
.colophon {
  max-width: 80rem;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 var(--gutter) 3rem;
}
.colophon-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1.4fr 1fr 1.2fr;
  gap: 2.5rem;
  padding: 2rem 0 1.5rem;
}
.colophon h6 { margin-bottom: 0.6rem; }
.colophon p { font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--ink-2); margin: 0 0 0.6rem; }
.linklist {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(150px, 1fr));
            list-style-type: square;
            padding-left: 20px;
        }
.linklist li { margin-bottom: 0.2rem; font-size: 0.88rem; }
.linklist a { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none;}
.linklist a:hover { color: var(--accent); border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }
.copyright {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--ink-3);
  border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  padding-top: 1rem;
  margin: 0;
}

.linklist .social-link { display:inline-flex; align-items:center; gap:.6rem; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; }
.linklist .social-link .visually-hidden { position:absolute; width:1px; height:1px; padding:0; margin:-1px; overflow:hidden; clip:rect(0 0 0 0); white-space:nowrap; border:0; }

/* Social icons — used in footer Elsewhere and index sidebar */
.social-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.5rem;
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.social-link .social-label {
  border-bottom: none;
  padding-bottom: 1px;
  border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--rule-2);
}
.social-link:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.social-link:hover .social-label { border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }
.social-link .fa-brands,
.social-link .fa-solid {
  font-size: 1.05em;
  line-height: 1;
  width: 1.1em;
  text-align: center;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}

/* Footer linklist: ensure borderless hover, but keep dotted underline on label */
.linklist .social-link { color: var(--ink); }
.linklist .social-link:hover { color: var(--accent); border-bottom: none;}

/* Index sidebar: tinted to match the muted metadata look */
.abstract-side .social-link { color: var(--ink); }
.abstract-side .social-link:hover { color: var(--accent); }


/* ---------- Home: latest item (current work) ---------- */
.latest {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 8rem 1fr;
  gap: 2rem;
  padding: 1.4rem 0;
  margin: 1.4rem 0 0;
  align-items: start;
}
.latest .when {
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  padding: 0.4rem 0 0.4rem 1.1rem;
  color: var(--ink-3);
}
.latest h3 { font-size: 1.15rem; }
.latest p { margin: 0.4rem 0 0; color: var(--ink-2); font-size: 0.95rem; max-width: 38rem; }
.latest .tag {
  display: inline-block;
  border: 1px solid var(--ink);
  color: white;
  font-family: var(--mono);
  font-size: 0.68rem;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  padding: 0.05rem 0.4rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
  background: var(--accent);
}

/* ---------- Print-friendly (Tufte spirit) ---------- */
@media print {
  .masthead, .colophon, .modal, .primary { display: none; }
  body { background: #fff; color: #000; }
  a { color: #000; text-decoration: underline; }
}

/* ---------- Responsive ---------- */
@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
  :root {
    --paper:        #f4f1ea;
    --paper-2:      #ebe6da;
    --ink:          #14110f;
    --ink-2:        #3a342e;
    --ink-3:        #6a6058;
    --rule:         #1a1714;
    --accent:       #8a1c1c;
    /* add any other variables you want to keep unchanged */
  }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .abstract { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .abstract-side { border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: 1rem 0 0; }
  .with-margin { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .with-margin .margin-col {border-left: 0; border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); padding: 1rem 0 0; }
  .pub { grid-template-columns: 2.5rem 1fr; }
  .pub .stamp { grid-column: 1 / -1; border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; border-top: 1px dotted var(--rule-2); padding-top: 0.5rem; margin-top: 0.4rem; }
  .patent { grid-template-columns: 2.5rem 1fr; }
  .patent .stamp { grid-column: 1 / -1; border-left: 0; padding-left: 0; border-top: 1px dotted var(--rule-2); padding-top: 0.5rem; margin-top: 0.4rem; }
  .entry { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0.5rem; }
  .entry .stamp { padding-top: 0; }
  .colophon-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .with-margin .main-col-contact  {margin: 0 4rem}
}

@media (max-width: 720px) {
  html { font-size: 16px; }
  .bar--top { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; gap: 0.6rem; padding-top: 1rem; }
  .primary { margin-left: 0; }
  .primary a { padding: 0.25rem 0.6rem; }
  .bar--meta { font-size: 0.68rem; gap: 0.6rem; }
  .meta-item--right { margin-left: 0; }
  .page-title { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0.4rem; padding-top: 1.6rem; }
  .section-header { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 0.3rem; }
  .form-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .index-of li { grid-template-columns: 2.5rem 1fr; }
  .index-of li .summary { display: none; }
  .latest { grid-template-columns: 3rem 1fr; }
  .prose {margin-left: 0.2rem}
  .with-margin .main-col-contact  {margin: 0 0.2rem}
}